Formulation Conversion rau Halogen-Free Flame Retardant PVC Tawv
Taw qhia
Cov neeg siv khoom tsim hluav taws kub-retardant PVC tawv thiab yav tas los siv antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃). Lawv tam sim no tsom mus tshem tawm Sb₂O₃ thiab hloov mus rau cov nplaim hluav taws tsis muaj halogen. Cov qauv tam sim no suav nrog PVC, DOP, EPOXY, BZ-500, ST, HICOAT-410, thiab antimony. Kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov txheej txheem antimony-raws li PVC tawv mus rau halogen-dawb nplaim-retardant system sawv cev rau kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tsis tsuas yog ua raws li cov kev cai ib puag ncig nruj zuj zus (xws li RoHS, REACH) tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho cov khoom lag luam "ntsuab" duab thiab kev sib tw ua lag luam.
Cov Kev Sib Tw Tseem Ceeb
- Loss ntawm Synergistic Effect:
- Sb₂O₃ tsis yog cov nplaim hluav taws muaj zog ntawm nws tus kheej tab sis nthuav tawm cov teebmeem zoo ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws-retardant nrog cov tshuaj chlorine hauv PVC, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo. Tshem tawm antimony yuav tsum nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev tsis muaj halogen uas rov ua dua qhov kev sib koom ua ke.
- Nplaim Retardancy Efficiency:
- Halogen-free flame retardants feem ntau xav tau ntau dua loadings kom ua tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob (xws li UL94 V-0), uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab (softness, tensile zog, elongation), kev ua haujlwm, thiab nqi.
- PVC tawv yam ntxwv:
- PVC tawv xav tau zoo heev softness, tes xav, nto tag (embossing, gloss), huab cua tsis kam, tsiv teb tsaws tsis kam, thiab tsawg-kub yooj. Cov qauv tsim tshiab yuav tsum tswj hwm lossis sib npaug zoo rau cov khoom no.
- Kev ua tau zoo:
- Kev thauj khoom siab ntawm halogen-free fillers (xws li, ATH) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov dej ntws thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov.
- Kev txiav txim siab nqi:
- Qee qhov ua tau zoo halogen-dawb nplaim hluav taws yog kim, xav tau qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tus nqi.
Kev Xaiv Lub Tswv Yim rau Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Systems (rau PVC Artificial Leather)
1. Cov nplaim hluav taws tseem ceeb - Hlau hydroxides
- Aluminium Trihydroxide (ATH):
- Feem ntau, tus nqi tsim nyog.
- Mechanism: Endothermic decomposition (~ 200 ° C), tso dej vapor rau dilute flammable gases thiab oxygen thaum tsim txheej txheej tiv thaiv.
- Qhov tsis zoo: Kev ua haujlwm tsawg, kev thauj khoom siab yuav tsum tau (40-70 phr), txo qis softness, elongation, thiab processability; decomposition kub yog tsawg.
- Magnesium Hydroxide (MDH):
- Siab decomposition kub (~ 340 ° C), zoo haum rau PVC ua (160-200 ° C).
- Qhov tsis zoo: Kev thauj khoom siab zoo sib xws (40-70 phr) xav tau; me ntsis nqi dua ATH; tej zaum yuav muaj kev nqus dej ntau dua.
Tswv yim:
- Nyiam MDH lossis ATH / MDH sib xyaw (xws li, 70/30) kom sib npaug tus nqi, kev hloov pauv kub, thiab nplaim hluav taws.
- Kev kho deg (xws li, silane-coupled) ATH / MDH txhim kho kev sib raug zoo nrog PVC, txo cov khoom degradation, thiab txhim kho cov nplaim hluav taws.
2. Nplaim Retardant Synergists
Txhawm rau txo cov nplaim hluav taws kub ua haujlwm thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo, cov neeg ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke yog qhov tseem ceeb:
- Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants: Zoo tagnrho rau halogen-dawb PVC systems.
- Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP): Txhawb nqa charring, tsim ib txheej intumescent insulating.
- Lus Cim: Siv cov qib kub-resistant (piv txwv li, Phase II, > 280 ° C) kom tsis txhob decomposition thaum ua. Qee APPs tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau pob tshab thiab dej tsis kam.
- Aluminium Diethylphosphinate (ADP): Ua tau zoo, tsis muaj kev thauj khoom (5-20 phr), cuam tshuam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov khoom, zoo thermal stability.
- Qhov tsis zoo: tus nqi siab dua.
- Phosphate Esters (piv txwv li, RDP, BDP, TCPP): Ua haujlwm raws li cov nplaim hluav taws kub.
- Pros: Dual lub luag haujlwm (plasticizer + nplaim retardant).
- Cons: me me molecules (piv txwv li, TCPP) yuav migrate/volatilize; RDP / BDP muaj qis plasticizing efficiency tshaj DOP thiab tej zaum yuav txo qis-kub yooj yooj yim.
- Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP): Txhawb nqa charring, tsim ib txheej intumescent insulating.
- Zinc Borate (ZB):
- Tus nqi qis, kev siv ntau yam (nplaim hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob tiv thaiv dej). Synergizes zoo nrog ATH / MDH thiab phosphorus-nitrogen systems. Kev thauj khoom ib txwm: 3-10 phr.
- Zinc Stanate / Hydroxy Stanate:
- Cov pa luam yeeb zoo heev thiab cov nplaim hluav taws sib txuas ua ke, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tshuaj chlorine-muaj cov polymers (xws li, PVC). Muaj peev xwm hloov cov antimony lub luag hauj lwm synergistic. Kev thauj khoom ib txwm: 2-8 phr.
- Molybdenum Compounds (piv txwv li, MoO₃, Ammonium Molybdate):
- Cov pa luam yeeb muaj zog nrog cov nplaim hluav taws sib xyaw ua ke. Kev thauj khoom ib txwm: 2-5 phr.
- Nano Fillers (piv txwv li, Nanoclay):
- Tsawg loadings (3-8 phr) txhim kho nplaim retardancy (char tsim, txo tus nqi tso tawm) thiab txhua yam khoom. Dispersion yog qhov tseem ceeb.
3. Cov pa luam yeeb
PVC ua rau cov pa taws hnyav thaum combustion. Halogen-dawb formulations feem ntau xav tau kev haus luam yeeb. Zinc borate, zinc stannate, thiab molybdenum compounds yog cov kev xaiv zoo heev.
Npaj Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Formulation (raws li tus neeg siv khoom tus qauv tsim)
Lub Hom Phiaj: Ua tiav UL94 V-0 (1.6 hli lossis tuab dua) thaum tuav cov softness, processability, thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Kev xav:
- Original formulation:
- DOP: 50-70 phr (plasticizer).
- ST: Zoo li stearic acid (lubricant).
- HICOAT-410: Ca / Zn stabilizer.
- BZ-500: Zoo li lub roj nplua nyeem / kev pabcuam (kom paub meej).
- EPOXY: Epoxidized soybean roj (co-stabilizer/plasticizer).
- Antimony: Sb₂O₃ (kom tshem tawm).
1. Pom zoo Formulation Framework (ib 100 phr PVC cob)
| Cheebtsam | Muaj nuj nqi | Chaw thau khoom (phr) | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|---|
| PVC cob | Base polymer | 100 | Nruab nrab / siab molecular hnyav rau kev sib npaug / khoom. |
| Thawj Plasticizer | Kev mos | 40–60 : kuv | Option A (Cov Nqi / Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo): Ib nrab phosphate ester (piv txwv li, RDP / BDP, 10–20 phr) + DOTP / DINP (30–50 phr). Kev xaiv B (Tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb): DOTP / DINP (50–70 phr) + PN nplaim nplaim retardant (xws li, ADP, 10–15 phr). Lub hom phiaj: Match thawj softness. |
| Thawj Nplaim Retardant | Nplaim retardancy, pa taws tsuj | 30–50 : kuv | Surface-treated MDH los yog MDH/ATH blend (eg, 70/30). High purity, nplua particle loj, nto-kho. Kho qhov chaw thau khoom rau lub hom phiaj nplaim taws retardancy. |
| PN Synergist | High-efficiency nplaim retardancy, char nce qib | 10–20 | Xaiv 1: High-temp APP (Phase II). Kev xaiv 2: ADP (kev ua tau zoo dua, kev thauj khoom qis dua, tus nqi siab dua). Kev xaiv 3: Phosphate ester plasticizers (RDP / BDP) - kho yog tias twb tau siv los ua cov yas yas. |
| Synergist/Smoke Suppressant | Txhim kho nplaim hluav taws kub, txo cov pa taws | 5–15 | Pom zoo combo: Zinc borate (5-10 phr) + zinc stannate (3-8 phr). Yeem: MoO₃ (2–5 phr). |
| Ca/Zn Stabilizer (HICOAT-410) | Thermal stability | 2.0–4.0 Nws | Tseem ceeb! Kev thauj khoom me ntsis yuav xav tau vs. Sb₂O₃ formulations. |
| Epoxidized Soybean Roj (EPOXY) | Co-stabilizer, plasticizer | 3.0–8.0 Nws | Khaws rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ua haujlwm qis. |
| Lubricants | Kev pab cuam, pwm tso tawm | 1.0–2.5 | ST (stearic acid): 0.5-1.5 phr. BZ-500: 0.5–1.0 phr (kho raws li muaj nuj nqi). Optimize rau siab muab tub lim loading. |
| Kev Pabcuam Ua Haujlwm (xws li ACR) | Melt zog, ntws | 0.5–2.0 | Qhov tseem ceeb rau high-filler formulations. Txhim kho nto finish thiab productivity. |
| Lwm yam Additives | Raws li xav tau | - | Colorants, UV stabilizers, biocides, thiab lwm yam. |
2. Piv txwv Formulation (Yuav tsum tau Optimization)
| Cheebtsam | Hom | Chaw thau khoom (phr) |
|---|---|---|
| PVC cob | K-tus nqi ~ 65–70 | 100.0 |
| Thawj Plasticizer | DOTP/DINP | 45.0 Nws |
| Phosphate Ester Plasticizer | RDP | 15.0 Nws |
| Surface-Treated MDH | - | 40.0 Nws |
| High-Temp APP | Phase II | 12.0 Nws |
| Zinc Borate | ZB | 8.0 ib |
| Zinc Stanate | ZS | 5.0 |
| Ca/Zn Stabilizer | HICOAT-410 | 3.5 |
| Epoxidized Soybean Roj | EPOXY | 5.0 |
| Stearic acid | ST | 1.0 |
| IB-500 | Lubricant | 1.0 |
| ACR Processing Aid | - | 1.5 |
| Colorants, thiab lwm yam. | - | Raws li xav tau |
Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau kev nqis tes ua
- Paub meej cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom:
- Qhia meej txog cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm
IB-500thiabST(nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus neeg muag khoom). - Xyuas kom meej cov loadings ntawm
DOP,EPOXY, thiabHICOAT-410. - Txhais cov neeg yuav tsum tau ua: Lub hom phiaj nplaim taws retardancy (xws li, UL94 thickness), softness (hardness), daim ntawv thov (automotive, rooj tog, hnab?), tshwj xeeb xav tau (txias tsis kam, UV stability, puas resistant?), tus nqi txwv.
- Qhia meej txog cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm
- Xaiv Cov Nplaim Retardant Tshwj Xeeb:
- Thov halogen-dawb nplaim retardant kuaj tailored rau PVC tawv los ntawm lwm tus neeg.
- Muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw kho ATH / MDH kom muaj kev sib cais zoo dua.
- Rau APP, siv cov qib high-temperature-resistant.
- Rau phosphate esters, nyiam RDP / BDP tshaj TCPP rau kev tsiv teb tsaws qis.
- Lab-Scale Testing & Optimization:
- Npaj cov khoom me me nrog cov khoom thauj sib txawv (xws li, kho MDH / APP / ZB / ZS piv).
- Kev sib xyaw: Siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua haujlwm siab (piv txwv li, Henschel) rau kev sib cais tsis sib xws. Ntxiv cov kua (plasticizers, stabilizers) ua ntej, ces hmoov.
- Kev sim ua: Kev sim ntawm cov khoom siv ntau lawm (piv txwv li, Banbury tov khoom + calendering). Saib xyuas lub sij hawm plastification, yaj viscosity, torque, nto zoo.
- Kev Ntsuas Kev Ua Haujlwm:
- nplaim retardancy: UL94, LOI.
- Mechanical zog: Hardness (Shore A), tensile zog, elongation.
- Softness / txhais tes xav: Kawm paub + hardness tests.
- Tsawg-kub yooj yooj yim: Txias khoov kuaj.
- Thermal stability: Congo liab kuaj.
- Cov tsos: xim, gloss, embossing.
- (Yeem yeem) Smoke density: NBS smoke chamber.
- Troubleshooting & Ntsuas:
| Qhov teeb meem | Kev daws |
|---|---|
| Tsis txaus nplaim retardancy | Nce MDH/ATH lossis APP; ntxiv ADP; optimize ZB/ZS; xyuas kom meej dispersion. |
| Mechanical zog tsis zoo (piv txwv li, qis elongation) | Txo MDH/ATH; nce PN synergist; siv cov tshuaj pleev xim rau saum npoo; kho cov yas yas. |
| Kev ua haujlwm nyuaj (siab viscosity, tsis zoo) | Optimize lubricants; nce ACR; xyuas qhov sib tov; kho temps/speeds. |
| Tus nqi siab | Txhim kho kev thauj khoom; siv cov nqi sib tw ATH/MDH; ntsuas cov kev xaiv. |
- Pilot & Production: Tom qab kev sim ua kom zoo dua, ua qhov kev sim ua kom paub tseeb tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg, sib xws, thiab tus nqi. Scale nce tsuas yog tom qab validation.
Xaus
Kev hloov los ntawm antimony-raws li mus rau halogen-dawb nplaim hluav taws-retardant PVC tawv yog ua tau tab sis yuav tsum muaj kev txhim kho. Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ua ke ua ke cov hlau hydroxides (zoo dua qhov chaw kho MDH), phosphorus-nitrogen synergists (APP lossis ADP), thiab cov pa luam yeeb ntau yam (zinc borate, zinc stannate). Ib txhij, optimizing plasticizers, stabilizers, lubricants, thiab kev pab cuam yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Keys to Success:
- Qhia meej lub hom phiaj thiab kev txwv (nplaim taws retardancy, khoom, nqi).
- Xaiv cov pov thawj halogen-dawb nplaim retardants (surface-treated fillers, high-temperature APP).
- Ua cov kev kuaj sim nruj (nplaim retardancy, khoom, ua).
- Xyuas kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov txheej txheem sib xws.
More info., you can contact lucy@taifeng-fr.com
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-12-2025
