Cov Tsev Neeg Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Kub rau Cov Ntaub
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws feem ntau raug ntxiv rau cov khoom siv rau cov neeg siv khoom kom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev kub hnyiab rau cov rooj tog, cov ntaub, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev xws li kev rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov ntaub uas tiv taus hluav taws muaj ob hom: cov xov uas tiv taus hluav taws ntuj lossis siv cov tshuaj uas tiv taus hluav taws. Feem ntau cov ntaub yog cov uas kub hnyiab heev thiab muaj kev phom sij rau hluav taws tshwj tsis yog tias siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws yog ntau pawg tshuaj uas feem ntau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv textile kom tiv thaiv lossis ncua kev kis hluav taws. Cov tsev neeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws uas feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam textile yog: 1. Halogens (Bromine thiab Chlorine); 2. Phosphorus; 3. Nitrogen; 4. Phosphorus thiab Nitrogen
BFRs yog siv los tiv thaiv hluav taws hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li hauv cov thawv ntawm cov TV thiab cov saib xyuas computer, cov laug cam luam tawm, cov xov hluav taws xob thiab cov ua npuas rwb thaiv tsev.
Hauv kev lag luam textile, BFRs siv rau hauv cov ntaub txheej tom qab rau cov ntaub thaiv qhov rai, cov rooj zaum thiab cov rooj tog zaum. Piv txwv li Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) thiab Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs).
BFRs yog cov tshuaj uas nyob ruaj khov hauv ib puag ncig thiab muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog cov kev pheej hmoo uas cov tshuaj no ua rau muaj kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem. Ntau thiab ntau BFR tsis raug tso cai siv. Xyoo 2023, ECHA tau nce qee cov khoom hauv daim ntawv teev npe ntawm SVHC, xws li TBBPA (CAS 79-94-7), BTBPE (CAS 37853-59-1).
Pawg no siv dav hauv cov polymers thiab textile cellulose fibers. Ntawm cov halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardants tshwj xeeb, triaryl phosphates (nrog peb lub nplhaib benzene txuas rau ib pawg phosphorus-muaj) yog siv los ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau brominated flame retardants. Organophosphorus flame retardants tej zaum yuav muaj bromine lossis chlorine nyob rau hauv qee kis.
Tus qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom ua si EN 71-9 txwv tsis pub siv ob hom tshuaj phosphate uas tiv thaiv hluav taws kub hauv cov ntaub ntawv textile uas siv rau cov khoom ua si rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos. Ob hom tshuaj no feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv textile uas muaj cov yas xws li PVC txheej dua li cov ntaub textile nws tus kheej. Tri-o-cresyl phosphate, uas yog tricresyl phosphate lom tshaj plaws, tsis tshua muaj neeg siv dua li tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
Cov tshuaj tua hluav taws nitrogen yog ua los ntawm melamine ntshiab lossis nws cov derivatives, piv txwv li ntsev nrog cov organic lossis inorganic acids. Melamine ntshiab ua cov tshuaj tua hluav taws feem ntau yog siv rau cov polyurethane ua npuas ncauj rau cov rooj tog zaum hauv tsev, lub rooj zaum tsheb / tsheb thiab lub rooj zaum menyuam yaus. Melamine derivatives ua FRs yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws raug ntxiv rau lub hom phiaj los txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov ntaub.
Xyuas kom tseeb tias kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws uas txwv lossis txwv tsis pub siv. Xyoo 2023, ECHA teev Melamine (CAS 108-78-1) hauv SVHC
Taifeng cov tshuaj tua hluav taws uas tsis muaj halogen ua raws li Phosphorus thiab Nitrogen rau cov ntaub thiab cov fibers.
Cov kev daws teeb meem tsis muaj halogen rau cov ntaub thiab cov fibers ntawm Taifeng muab kev nyab xeeb hluav taws yam tsis tsim kev pheej hmoo tshiab los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj lom neeg qub. Peb cov khoom muaj xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws uas tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim cov fibers viscose/rayon nrog rau cov khoom xyaw ua tau zoo rau kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub thiab tawv cuav. Thaum nws los txog rau cov ntaub txheej tom qab, cov tshuaj dispersion uas npaj txhij siv tau tuaj yeem tiv taus hluav taws txawm tias tom qab ntau zaus ntxuav thiab ntxuav qhuav.
Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub zoo, cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm peb cov kev daws teeb meem rau cov ntaub thiab cov fibers.
Cov ntaub thaiv hluav taws xob yog ua los ntawm kev kho mob tom qab.
qib ntaub nplaim taws: nplaim taws ib ntus, nplaim taws ib nrab mus tas li thiab nplaim taws ruaj khov (mus tas li).
Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws ib ntus: siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws uas yaj tau hauv dej, xws li ammonium polyphosphate uas yaj tau hauv dej, thiab thov kom sib npaug rau ntawm daim ntaub los ntawm kev dipping, padding, txhuam lossis txau, thiab lwm yam, thiab nws yuav muaj cov nyhuv tiv thaiv hluav taws tom qab ziab. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau Nws yog qhov pheej yig thiab yooj yim rau kev tuav ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tas yuav ntxuav lossis ntxuav tsis tu ncua, xws li cov ntaub thaiv qhov rai thiab cov ntaub thaiv hnub, tab sis nws tsis tiv taus kev ntxuav.
Siv 10% -20% cov dej soluble APP kua, TF-301, TF-303 ob qho tib si ok. Cov dej kua yog ntshiab thiab PH nruab nrab. Raws li qhov kev thov retardant hluav taws, cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov concentration.
Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws ib nrab mus tas li: Nws txhais tau tias cov ntaub tiav lawm tuaj yeem tiv taus 10-15 zaug ntawm kev ntxuav me me thiab tseem muaj cov nyhuv tiv thaiv hluav taws, tab sis nws tsis tiv taus kev ntxuav tes kub siab. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov ntaub kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, lub rooj zaum tsheb, cov ntaub npog, thiab lwm yam.
TF-201 muab cov tshuaj tua hluav taws uas pheej yig, tsis muaj halogenated, phosphorus-based flame retardant rau cov txheej textile thiab cov ntaub npog. TF-201, TF-201S, TF-211, TF-212 yog cov tshuaj tua hluav taws semi-tas mus li rau cov ntaub npog. Cov tsev pheeb suab sab nraum zoov, cov ntaub pua plag, cov ntaub npog phab ntsa, cov rooj zaum tua hluav taws (sab hauv tsheb, nkoj, tsheb ciav hlau thiab dav hlau) cov tsheb thauj menyuam yaus, cov ntaub thaiv qhov rais, cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv.
Cov Qauv Uas Tau Hais Txog
| Ammoniun | Acrylic Emulsion | Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Dispersing | Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Ua Npuas Ncauj | Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Ua Kom Thickening |
| 35 | 63.7 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 1.0 |
Cov txheej txheem ua tiav uas tsis kub hnyiab: Tus naj npawb ntawm kev ntxuav tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 50 zaug, thiab nws tuaj yeem ntxuav nrog xab npum. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov ntaub uas ntxuav ntau zaus, xws li cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, cov khaub ncaws tua hluav taws, cov tsev pheeb suab, hnab, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Vim yog cov ntaub uas tiv taus hluav taws xws li daim ntaub Oxford uas tiv taus hluav taws, nws tsis kub hnyiab, tiv taus kub siab, rwb thaiv cua sov zoo, tsis yaj, tsis ntub, thiab muaj zog heev. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom no siv dav hauv kev lag luam nkoj, kev vuam hlau loj thiab kev kho hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv rau kev vuam roj, kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, metallurgy, ua yeeb yam, khw loj, khw loj, tsev so thiab lwm qhov chaw pej xeem nrog qhov cua nruab nrab, tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv.
TF-211, TF-212, yog siv tau rau cov ntaub uas ruaj khov thiab tsis kub hnyiab. Yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib txheej tiv dej.
Cov qauv hluav taws kub ntawm cov ntaub textile hauv ntau lub tebchaws
Cov ntaub uas tiv taus hluav taws yog cov ntaub uas tuaj yeem tua tau hauv 2 vib nas this tom qab tawm hauv hluav taws qhib txawm tias lawv raug hluav taws qhib. Raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntaub tiv taus hluav taws, muaj ob hom ntaub tiv taus hluav taws ua ntej kho thiab cov ntaub tiv taus hluav taws tom qab kho. Kev siv cov ntaub tiv taus hluav taws tuaj yeem ncua qhov kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev siv cov ntaub tiv taus hluav taws hauv cov chaw pej xeem tuaj yeem zam kev raug mob ntau dua.
Kev siv cov ntaub uas tiv taus hluav taws tuaj yeem ncua qhov kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev siv cov ntaub uas tiv taus hluav taws hauv cov chaw pej xeem tuaj yeem zam kev raug mob ntau dua. Cov kev xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub hauv kuv lub tebchaws feem ntau yog rau cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv, cov ntaub siv hauv cov chaw pej xeem, thiab sab hauv tsheb.
Cov ntaub thaiv hluav taws kub ntawm Askiv
1. BS7177 (BS5807) yog tsim rau cov ntaub xws li rooj tog thiab txaj pw hauv cov chaw pej xeem hauv UK. Cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm hluav taws, cov txheej txheem kuaj xyuas nruj. Hluav taws tau muab faib ua yim qhov chaw hluav taws los ntawm 0 txog 7, sib raug rau plaub qib kev tiv thaiv hluav taws ntawm qis, nruab nrab, siab thiab siab heev.
2. BS7175 yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov qauv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws tas mus li hauv cov tsev so, cov chaw lom zem thiab lwm qhov chaw muaj neeg coob coob. Qhov kev xeem yuav tsum dhau ob lossis ntau hom kev xeem ntawm Schedule4Part1 thiab Schedule5Part1.
3. BS7176 yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov ntaub npog rooj tog, uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab tiv thaiv dej. Thaum lub sijhawm sim, cov ntaub thiab cov khoom sau yuav tsum ua raws li Daim Ntawv Teev Npe 4 Ntu 1, Daim Ntawv Teev Npe 5 Ntu 1, qhov ceev ntawm cov pa luam yeeb, kev lom thiab lwm yam ntsuas kev sim. Nws yog tus qauv tiv thaiv hluav taws nruj dua rau cov rooj zaum padded dua li BS7175 (BS5852).
4. BS5452 siv tau rau cov ntaub pua chaw pw thiab cov ntaub hauv ncoo hauv cov chaw pej xeem Askiv thiab txhua yam rooj tog uas xa tuaj. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom lawv tseem tuaj yeem tiv taus hluav taws tom qab 50 zaug ntxuav lossis ntxuav qhuav.
5.BS5438 series: British BS5722 cov menyuam yaus cov khaub ncaws pw; British BS5815.3 ntaub pua chaw pw; British BS6249.1B cov ntaub thaiv qhov rai.
Cov Qauv Hluav Taws Kub ntawm Asmeskas
1. CA-117 yog tus qauv tiv thaiv hluav taws uas siv ib zaug xwb hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nws tsis tas yuav kuaj tom qab dej thiab siv tau rau feem ntau cov ntaub xa tawm mus rau Tebchaws Meskas.
2. CS-191 yog tus qauv tiv thaiv hluav taws dav dav rau cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv hauv Tebchaws Meskas, hais txog kev ua haujlwm hluav taws ntev thiab hnav xis nyob. Cov txheej txheem ua tiav feem ntau yog ob kauj ruam synthesis lossis ntau kauj ruam synthesis, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab thiab ntxiv tus nqi ntawm cov txiaj ntsig.
