Taw qhia rau Nitrogen-Based Flame Retardants rau Nylon

Taw qhia rau Nitrogen-Based Flame Retardants rau Nylon

Nitrogen-raws li nplaim taws retardants yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm tsawg toxicity, tsis-corrosiveness, thermal thiab UV stability, zoo nplaim-retardant efficiency, thiab nqi-zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov tsis zoo suav nrog kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab tsis zoo dispersion hauv polymer matrix. Feem ntau cov hluav taws kub nyhiab rau cov nylon muaj xws li MCA (melamine cyanurate), melamine, thiab MPP (melamine polyphosphate).

Cov nplaim hluav taws-retardant mechanism muaj ob yam:

1. "Sublimation thiab Endothermic" Lub Cev Mechanism: Cov nplaim hluav taws txo qis qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv polymer thiab cais tawm ntawm huab cua los ntawm sublimation thiab nqus cua sov.
2. Catalytic Carbonization thiab Intumescent Mechanism nyob rau hauv Condensed Phase: Cov nplaim hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog nylon, txhawb nqa cov pa roj carbon monoxide ncaj qha thiab nthuav dav.

MCA nthuav tawm ob txoj haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem nplaim taws, txhawb nqa ob qho tib si carbonization thiab foaming. Cov nplaim-retardant mechanism thiab kev ua tau zoo sib txawv nyob ntawm seb hom nylon. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm MCA thiab MPP hauv PA6 thiab PA66 qhia tias cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab no ua rau muaj kev sib txuas hauv PA66 tab sis txhawb kev degradation hauv PA6, ua rau cov nplaim hluav taws zoo dua hauv PA66 dua li hauv PA6.

1. Melamine Cyanurate (MCA)

MCA yog synthesized los ntawm melamine thiab cyanuric acid nyob rau hauv dej, tsim ib tug hydrogen-bonded adduct. Nws yog ib qho zoo heev halogen-dawb, tsis muaj toxicity, thiab tsawg-tsim pa taws retardant feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv nylon polymers. Txawm li cas los xij, ib txwm MCA muaj qhov kub siab melting point (decomposing thiab sublimating saum 400 ° C) thiab tsuas yog muab sib xyaw nrog cov resins nyob rau hauv cov khoom particle daim ntawv, ua rau tsis sib xws dispersion thiab loj particle loj, uas tsis zoo cuam tshuam cov nplaim hluav taws xob efficiency. Tsis tas li ntawd, MCA feem ntau ua haujlwm nyob rau theem roj, uas ua rau qis qis qis thiab xoob, tsis tiv thaiv cov pa roj carbon txheej thaum combustion.

Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem no, molecular composite thev naus laus zis tau ua haujlwm los hloov MCA los ntawm kev qhia cov nplaim hluav taws kub-retardant additive (WEX), uas txo qis qhov melting point ntawm MCA, ua kom co-melting thiab ultra-fine dispersion nrog PA6. WEX kuj tseem txhim kho char tsim thaum combustion, txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov pa roj carbon txheej thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov condensed-theem nplaim-retardant nyhuv ntawm MCA, yog li tsim cov nplaim-retardant cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev ua tau zoo heev.

2. Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR)

IFR yog qhov tseem ceeb halogen-dawb nplaim-retardant system. Nws qhov zoo dua ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws halogenated muaj xws li cov pa luam yeeb tsawg thiab cov pa roj uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm combustion. Tsis tas li ntawd, char txheej tsim los ntawm IFR tuaj yeem nqus cov molten, hlawv polymer, tiv thaiv dripping thiab hluav taws sib kis.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm IFR muaj xws li:

• Gas qhov chaw (melamine-based compounds)
• Acid qhov chaw (phosphorus-nitrogen nplaim retardants)
• Carbon qhov chaw (nylon nws tus kheej)
• Synergistic additives (xws li zinc borate, aluminium hydroxide) thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej.

Thaum qhov sib piv loj ntawm phosphorus-nitrogen nplaim retardants rau melamine-based compounds yog:

• Hauv qab 1%: Cov nplaim hluav taws kub tsis txaus.
• Tshaj 30%: Volatilization tshwm sim thaum ua haujlwm.
• Nruab nrab ntawm 1% -30% (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog 7% -20%): Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws kub tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm.

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